Bamana : in the strict sense, those who speak the Bambara language; in a wider sense, those who are part of the non-islamic cults, jow- which are “power associatons”, initiation associations, brotherhoods, religious associations, or secret societies.
For the Bamana , all objects and beings contain an active energy called Nyama. Through secret knowledge acquired in the initiation societies, they claim to be able to control and act on this energy.
